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                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
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              <text>F. G. Ruffin and S. B. Brewer. "The Rebellion Startling Deselosures in the History of War Proposals of Northern Men to Feed the Rebel Armies Cotton." &lt;em&gt;New York Herald.&lt;/em&gt; July 21, 1865. America's Historical Newspapers. Accessed December 16, 2016.</text>
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                <text>An Official Report of the Rebel Commissary Department</text>
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                <text>The New York Herald published the testimony of Confederate officer regarding the effects of the official cotton trade between the Union and the Confederacy. According to the transcript, the cotton trade directly prolonged the war by giving the Confederacy access to vital supplies, particularly bacon.</text>
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                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
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                <text>Newspaper editorial published in the Liverpool Mercury  raising the specter of potentially siding with the Confederacy if the Union didn't end its war with the South. </text>
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                  <text>Creating the Capital of Capital: New York City's Forgotten Dutch Beginnings</text>
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;Articles About the Transfer of the New Netherlands&lt;/em&gt;. Manuscript. From Library of Congress. http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/en/geheugen/view?coll=ngvn&amp;amp;identifier=KONB04%3ASCHAGEN-BRIEF-NA. (accessed November 2016).</text>
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                <text>The articles of capitulation surrendered New Netherland to English rule. The agreement contained provisions that maintained certain rights for the settlers, such as freedom of religion and property rights. These articles helped ensure that key elements of the culture of New Netherland would carry over to English New York.  </text>
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