<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/items?output=omeka-xml&amp;sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator" accessDate="2026-09-17T20:50:56+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>1</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>72</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="39" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="47">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/cfad25b48cb02eebcbd7fd2b3bd607f6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>b3ea35da24936f131e6e1263c18c547f</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="48">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/c94464de87808e5f3eefb16e809c0764.jpg</src>
        <authentication>c428eb856c0165bb6edd2e6c2f6f730d</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="49">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/388c1659960e7daa71a989ed37fe6a55.jpg</src>
        <authentication>304dbb615434f0aa3bebfbf928a1607f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="2">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="31">
                  <text>Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="427">
                  <text>Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1063">
                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1064">
                  <text>CC BY</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="26">
      <name>Manuscript</name>
      <description>Written document.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="1">
          <name>Text</name>
          <description>Any textual data included in the document</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="505">
              <text>Executive Mansion.&#13;
&#13;
Washington, January 4th, 1865.&#13;
&#13;
Whereas satisfactory evidence, has been furnished to me by Fergus Peniston, that he is now and was prior to April 1864 the legitimate owner of large amounts of Cotton and naval stores situated in Louisiana and Southern Mississippi and reposing special trust and confidence in said Peniston, I do by these presents, authorize him to proceed with Steamboats barges and other conveyances, at his own risk, up and down the Mississippi River and land at any points on said River between Natchez &amp; Port Hudson, also up and down Red River and its tributaries and navigate the waters of Lakes Pontchartrain &amp; Borgne to and from East &amp; west Pascagoula and mouth of Pearl River and up and down Pearl &amp; Pascagoula Rivers for the purpose of bringing out Twenty three Thousand Six Hundred &amp; Forty Bales of Cotton and Seventeen Thousand Two Hundred Barrels of naval stores and continue said voyages until this stated amount of Cotton &amp; Naval stores shall have been brought by him to New orleans. And in order to secure the products specified in this permit, I do furthermore authorize said Peniston to take on his boats or conveyances outside the Military lines of the United States and carry to any of the above designated localities, plantation Supplies to the extent of Thirty per Cent of the value of the Cotton or naval stores brought to New orleans by his vessels.&#13;
&#13;
Nothing in this permit is to be so construed as to prevent said Peniston from disposing of said Cotton or naval stores in New orleans or new york at his option, after payment of the Internal Revenue &amp; other taxes, fixed by Congress, not including however the Twenty five per Cent tax.&#13;
&#13;
All officers of the Army or navy of the United States &amp; Civil officers of the Government are hereby particularly required not only to not obstruct but to extend to said Peniston all facilities that may be required to Carry out the design of this permit which is the introduction of Cotton and Naval stores within the Military lines of the United States.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="506">
              <text>Lincoln, Abraham. &lt;em&gt;Cotton Permit for Fergus Peniston.&lt;/em&gt; Manuscript. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&amp;amp;fileName=mal1/398/3980600/malpage.db&amp;amp;recNum=0. (Accessed December 09, 2016.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="495">
                <text>Cotton Permit for Fergus Peniston</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="496">
                <text>United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="497">
                <text>This permit authorized Fergus Peniston, a Louisiana cotton merchant, to transport and sell the cotton he possesses. In order to obtain this permit, Peniston wrote several petitions to Lincoln and enlisted friends of the administration to write on his behalf.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="498">
                <text>Abraham Lincoln</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="499">
                <text>Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="500">
                <text>1865-01-04</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="501">
                <text>AB, PP</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="502">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="503">
                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="504">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>abraham lincoln</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>cotton</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>cotton permits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="81">
        <name>fergus peniston</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="52" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="63">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/a01e59da51bafcd94a28a8681b4917da.gif</src>
        <authentication>8a0641026e6938fd6c91fcf6ac1d150a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="2">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="31">
                  <text>Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="427">
                  <text>Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1063">
                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1064">
                  <text>CC BY</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="26">
      <name>Manuscript</name>
      <description>Written document.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="1">
          <name>Text</name>
          <description>Any textual data included in the document</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1027">
              <text>Executive Mansion,&#13;
&#13;
Washington, June 29, 1863.&#13;
&#13;
My dear Sir:&#13;
&#13;
I have received, and read, your pencil note. I think you do not know how embarrassing your request is-- Few things are so troublesome to the government as the fierceness with which the profits of trading in cotten are sought-- The temptation is so great that nearly every body wishes to be in it; and when in, the question of profit controls all, regardless of whether the cotten seller is loyal or rebel, or whether he is paid in corn-meal or gun-powder-- The officers of the army, in numerous intances, are believed to connive and share the profits, and thus the army itself is diverted from fighting the rebels to speculating in cotten; and steam-boats and wagons in the pay of the government, are set to gathering and carrying cotten, and the soldiers to loading cotten-trains and guarding them-- The matter deeply affects the Treasury and War Departments, and has been discussed again and again in the Cabinet-- What can, and what can not be done, has, for the time been settled, and it seems to me I can not safely break over it. I know it is thought that one case is not much, but how can I favor one and deny another-- One case can not be kept a secret-- The authority given would be utterly ineffectual until it is shown; and when shown, every body knows of it. The administration would do for you as much as for any other man; and I personally would do some more than for most others; but really I can not involve myself and the Government as this would do.&#13;
&#13;
Yours as ever&#13;
&#13;
A. Lincoln</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="1028">
              <text>Lincoln, Abraham. &lt;em&gt;Abraham Lincoln to William Kellogg, June 29, 1863 (Cotton permit for Amos Babcock).&lt;/em&gt; Letter. From Library of Congress, The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&amp;amp;fileName=mal1/245/2450700/malpage.db&amp;amp;recNum=0 (Accessed December 11, 2016)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="624">
                <text>Letter from Abraham Lincoln to William Kellogg, Monday, June 29, 1863 (Cotton permit for Amos Babcock)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="625">
                <text>United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="626">
                <text>United States--History--Abraham Lincoln</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1081">
                <text>United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="627">
                <text>Abraham Lincoln to William Kellogg, rejecting his attempts to secure a cotton permit for  former Illinois legislator, Amos Babcock. Lincoln scolded Kellogg for his single-minded pursuit of a permit and observed the corruption already associated with the system.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="628">
                <text>Abraham Lincoln</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="629">
                <text>Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="630">
                <text>1863-06-29</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="631">
                <text>AB, PCP</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="632">
                <text>Public Domain </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="633">
                <text>gif</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="634">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>abraham lincoln</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>cotton permits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="61">
        <name>slavery</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="95">
        <name>william kellogg</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="79" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="139">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/71d6d6ec949adb4116e1f6642a61420d.jpg</src>
        <authentication>4707d4272bf3dfe15b1e13caf8a9c40a</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="148">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/5c02fa46d4f9fd06c73ec0a3109f6ef6.jpg</src>
        <authentication>551b4c24e1d5378cc200bb790e21546f</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="149">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/b44e6bb5b4440977d8ce97e2ea8592d0.jpg</src>
        <authentication>d41fd6505efcc2a956eea08f24efd140</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="153">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/3bfe272f446fb4248ac02ce06c3e8271.jpg</src>
        <authentication>4558bbc7527529515b099f58746766cf</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="2">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="31">
                  <text>Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="427">
                  <text>Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1063">
                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1064">
                  <text>CC BY</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="26">
      <name>Manuscript</name>
      <description>Written document.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="1">
          <name>Text</name>
          <description>Any textual data included in the document</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="930">
              <text>By the President of the United States of America&#13;
A Proclamation&#13;
Whereas, in pursuance of the act of Congress approved July 13, 1861, I did, by proclamation dated August 16, 1861, declare that the inhabitants of the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida (except the inhabitants of that part of Virginia lying west of the Alleghany Mountains and of such other parts of that State and the other States hereinbefore named as might maintain a legal adhesion to the Union and the Constitution or might be from time to time occupied and controlled by forces of the United States engaged in the dispersion of said insurgents) were in a state of insurrection against the United States, and that all commercial intercourse between the same and the inhabitants thereof, with the exceptions aforesaid, and the citizens of other States and other parts of the United States was unlawful and would remain unlawful until such insurrection should cease or be suppressed, and that all goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, into other parts of the United States without the license and permission of the President, through the Secretary of the Treasury, or proceeding to any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, by land or water, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same to or from said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, would be forfeited to the United States; and&#13;
Whereas experience has shown that the exceptions made in and by said proclamation embarrass the due enforcement of said act of July 13, 1861, and the proper regulation of the commercial intercourse authorized by said act with the loyal citizens of said States:&#13;
Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby revoke the said exceptions, and declare that the inhabitants of the States of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Florida, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties of Virginia designated as West Virginia, and except also the ports of New Orleans, Key West, Port Royal, and Beaufort, in North Carolina) are in a state of insurrection against the United States, and that all commercial intercourse not licensed and conducted as provided in said act between the said States and the inhabitants thereof, with the exceptions aforesaid, and the citizens of other States and other parts of the United States is unlawful and will remain unlawful until such insurrection shall cease or has been suppressed and notice thereof has been duly given by proclamation; and all cotton, tobacco, and other products, and all other goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, into other parts of the United States, or proceeding to any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, without the license and permission of the President, through the Secretary of the Treasury, will, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same, be forfeited to the United States.&#13;
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.&#13;
Done at the city of Washington, this 2d day of April, A. D. 1863, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.&#13;
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.&#13;
By the President:&#13;
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.&#13;
&#13;
</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="944">
              <text>"Presidential proclamation suspending commercial intercourse with certain States in rebellion, April 2, 1863." Presidential Proclamation 98.” &lt;em&gt;Presidential Proclamations, 1789-1936&lt;/em&gt;. National Archives Microfilm Publication T1223, Roll 1, General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11: National Archives Building, Washington, DC.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="929">
                <text>Proclamation 98 - Presidential proclamation suspending  commercial intercourse with certain States in rebellion</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="945">
                <text>Just three months after he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln issued a proclamation to reform the cotton trading system laid out in 1861. As trade grew in the Mississippi Valley in 1862 and 1863, the permit system was plagued by enforcement issues. Based on advice solicited from political and military sources, President Lincoln revoked the previous order and strictly prohibited commercial trade with the states in rebellion "without the license and permission of the President, through the Secretary of the Treasury."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="946">
                <text>Abraham Lincoln </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="947">
                <text>1863-04-02</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="948">
                <text>AB, PP</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="949">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="977">
                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1034">
                <text>National Archives </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1035">
                <text>Public Domain </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1100">
                <text>United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1104">
                <text>United States--Politics and government--1861-1865</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="3">
        <name>abraham lincoln</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4">
        <name>confederacy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>cotton permits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="82">
        <name>presidential proclamations</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="96">
        <name>treasury department</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="83" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="155">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/493ea54fc9783691108e9b2663ad73fa.jpg</src>
        <authentication>d279c413aedeefb0d34ada3a7173d110</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="156">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/853e362799561c6c1f6c6705528eb499.gif</src>
        <authentication>68e1e24f8866666c7e691a56a661e9ab</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="157">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/ca1ff95a36165ef95b80d21fb49e2236.gif</src>
        <authentication>cbe19e25eef36d7615f50e21c22710b0</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="158">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/a97379073ee919d091b30cf4272ac5f5.gif</src>
        <authentication>29dfaad63f38d74ef599f1e60a513b76</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="159">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/cfe1b05b89e85e080c789d59f3481f1d.gif</src>
        <authentication>014d9802bd26f303c2f05cee113af155</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="160">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/6caaf119a1e25638ac909078056d80eb.gif</src>
        <authentication>80a105e3c94405cbbd8faafe964ee8e1</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="161">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/39576a55a5ea57743a84ebea25e6e8dc.gif</src>
        <authentication>8a2c56c13bb6b3373fcf18b5631202bd</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="162">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/5816dad6fb706cc769b89cdb064cbc3c.gif</src>
        <authentication>463a57403b0def8059fa7536b1c08292</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="163">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/27892a44ecc09b6884d71c447eff361d.gif</src>
        <authentication>162d18b552deefc7c2a51b5bfd135765</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="164">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/3803601645f015aff96ce9fda151fcb6.gif</src>
        <authentication>6911c62a23f0a921de3b9ac1c17eedc1</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="165">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/5da1d669a4cac09a03be52d6f21875d0.gif</src>
        <authentication>5028f20f44efb94d5a245473345c1d39</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="166">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/4b7e6bed85e7d86feadf577965f9262c.gif</src>
        <authentication>36b531f1ad57485a118f61261aef272c</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="167">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/dc71a0c27f5ada1080426cb1950f820d.gif</src>
        <authentication>6dabd72c79e2bd0e1787044d68772208</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="168">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/69c9b3f4cc102f8216faaf935d8dbb6e.gif</src>
        <authentication>98a983e67fa02a5f4a1acdc0e01a8a78</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="2">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="31">
                  <text>Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="427">
                  <text>Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1063">
                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1064">
                  <text>CC BY</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="26">
      <name>Manuscript</name>
      <description>Written document.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="987">
              <text>Peniston, Fergus. &lt;em&gt;Fergus Penniston, Saturday, April 16, 1864 (Affidavit concerning cotton at New Orleans; certified by Michael Hahn).&lt;/em&gt; Manuscript. Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&amp;amp;fileName=mal1/324/3244800/malpage.db&amp;amp;recNum=0. Accessed December 17, 2016.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="978">
                <text>Fergus Penniston, Saturday, April 16, 1864 (Affidavit concerning cotton at New Orleans; certified by Michael Hahn)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="979">
                <text>This affidavit, written by Alphonse Boudousquie and certified by Governor Michael Hahn, affirmed that Fergus Peniston and William Pike owned substantial quantities of cotton and were loyal citizens of the United States during the war. Affidavits like these were sometimes required to obtain cotton permits.&#13;
Peniston was granted a formal permit in January 1865. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="980">
                <text>Adolphe Boudousquie and Michael Hahn</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="981">
                <text>Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="982">
                <text>1864-04-16</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="983">
                <text>AB, PP</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="984">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="985">
                <text>gif</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="986">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1037">
                <text>United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1038">
                <text>Cotton</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="1039">
                <text>Louisiana--History--Civil War, 1861-1865</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4">
        <name>confederacy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>cotton</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="1">
        <name>cotton permits</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="81">
        <name>fergus peniston</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="61" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="90">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/eb71e3481abb461bdac370ec64cd640f.jpg</src>
        <authentication>99a351fdbd1477fc2d0c601d1571e86c</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="2">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="31">
                  <text>Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="427">
                  <text>Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1063">
                  <text>Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure."</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1064">
                  <text>CC BY</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="22">
      <name>Drawing/Painting</name>
      <description>A image created by an artist by hand using elements such as paint, pencil, etc. </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="26">
          <name>Materials</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="751">
              <text>Wood engraving.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="752">
              <text>The levee at Memphis, Tenn.-Hauling sugar and cotton from their hiding-places for shipment north / sketched by Mr. Alex Simplot. 1862. Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/95504268/. (Accessed December 12, 2016.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="740">
                <text>The levee at Memphis, Tenn.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="741">
                <text>Cotton</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="742">
                <text>United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="743">
                <text>Engraving for Harper's Weekly of cotton and sugar brought out to be sold after the fall of Memphis to the Union Army.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="744">
                <text>Alex Simplot</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="745">
                <text>Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="746">
                <text>1862-07-05</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="747">
                <text>AB, PP</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="748">
                <text>Public Domain</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="749">
                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="750">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2">
        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4">
        <name>confederacy</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="28">
        <name>cotton</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="49" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="61">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/4bb52b33a0aad2a30958d1832b85d256.png</src>
        <authentication>f9578b113613717b08980d562531a57e</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="178">
                  <text>Angela Garra Zhinin and Shira Feldman</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="179">
                  <text>20th &amp; 21st Centuries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1108">
                  <text>Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1109">
                  <text>New York City</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1112">
                  <text>2016.12.19</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1113">
                  <text>CC BY, except for items where use has been granted by the copyright holder.  Please contact copyright holder for collection items still under copyright. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1114">
                  <text>Both the literal and physical “place” of community gardens in New York City have a long and varied history.  This archive is a collection of items that complement the digital exhibit, “Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens” and seeks to explore four distinct areas of the city’s community garden history.  These topics include the Progressive era’s School Garden Movement, World War II era Victory Gardens, community garden activism in the 1970s, and community gardens under the Rudy Guiliani and Mike Bloomberg administrations.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="7">
      <name>Website</name>
      <description>A resource comprising of a web page or web pages and all related assets ( such as images, sound and video files, etc. ).</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="6">
          <name>Local URL</name>
          <description>The URL of the local directory containing all assets of the website</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="611">
              <text>http://www.wnyc.org/story/85574-city-settles-fate-of-community-gardens/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="605">
                <text>City Settles Fate of Community Gardens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="606">
                <text>Article from WNYC reporting on the agreement between Mayor Bloomberg and State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer, protecting gardens from further private development.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="607">
                <text>Amy Eddings </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="608">
                <text>WNYC News</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="609">
                <text>09-19-2002</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="610">
                <text>Shira Feldman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1043">
                <text>Fair Use </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="103">
        <name>bloomberg</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>community garden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="115">
        <name>legal battles</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="18">
        <name>nyc</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="104">
        <name>spitzer</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="19" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="19">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/d500573847dd324db6a79e837494e588.jpg</src>
        <authentication>cf81440d1d9160c82bda21e5da49f013</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="178">
                  <text>Angela Garra Zhinin and Shira Feldman</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="179">
                  <text>20th &amp; 21st Centuries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1108">
                  <text>Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1109">
                  <text>New York City</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1112">
                  <text>2016.12.19</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1113">
                  <text>CC BY, except for items where use has been granted by the copyright holder.  Please contact copyright holder for collection items still under copyright. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1114">
                  <text>Both the literal and physical “place” of community gardens in New York City have a long and varied history.  This archive is a collection of items that complement the digital exhibit, “Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens” and seeks to explore four distinct areas of the city’s community garden history.  These topics include the Progressive era’s School Garden Movement, World War II era Victory Gardens, community garden activism in the 1970s, and community gardens under the Rudy Guiliani and Mike Bloomberg administrations.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="30">
      <name>Poster</name>
      <description>a large printed or drawn picture, notice, or advertisement displayed in a public place</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="26">
          <name>Materials</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="257">
              <text>silkscreen</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="258">
              <text>Bayer, Herbert, Artist, and Sponsor United States Rural Electrification Administration. Grow it yourself Plan a farm garden now. [Nyc: nyc wpa war services, between 1941 and 1943] Image. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/99400959/. (Accessed December 04, 2016.)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="1">
          <name>Text</name>
          <description>Any textual data included in the document</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="829">
              <text>GROW IT YOURSELF&#13;
PLAN A FARM GARDEN NOW&#13;
Rural Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="247">
                <text>Grow It Yourself: Plan a Farm Garden Today</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="248">
                <text>Victory gardens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="249">
                <text>Poster for the U.S. Department of Agriculture promoting victory gardens, showing carrots, lettuce, corn, tomatoes, and potatoes growing.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="250">
                <text>Bayer, Herbert, artist</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="251">
                <text>United States Rural Electrification Administration, sponsor</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="252">
                <text>Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="253">
                <text>ca. 1941-1943</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="254">
                <text>Angela Zhinin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="255">
                <text>jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="256">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>community garden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="56">
        <name>department of agriculture</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="55">
        <name>farm garden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="11">
        <name>government</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="57">
        <name>propaganda</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="47">
        <name>victory garden</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="54">
        <name>world war ii</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="15" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="13">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/42dd54147b6a0eaaf3c87f677db513a5.jpg</src>
        <authentication>f799135b0c5dc52617d9b793f0ce9c1b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="178">
                  <text>Angela Garra Zhinin and Shira Feldman</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="179">
                  <text>20th &amp; 21st Centuries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1108">
                  <text>Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1109">
                  <text>New York City</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1112">
                  <text>2016.12.19</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1113">
                  <text>CC BY, except for items where use has been granted by the copyright holder.  Please contact copyright holder for collection items still under copyright. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1114">
                  <text>Both the literal and physical “place” of community gardens in New York City have a long and varied history.  This archive is a collection of items that complement the digital exhibit, “Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens” and seeks to explore four distinct areas of the city’s community garden history.  These topics include the Progressive era’s School Garden Movement, World War II era Victory Gardens, community garden activism in the 1970s, and community gardens under the Rudy Guiliani and Mike Bloomberg administrations.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="21">
      <name>Photograph</name>
      <description>Any image, either digital or analog, taken with a camera and reproduced. </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="524">
              <text>Robert L. Bracklow (1849-1919), "Childrens School Farm," Museum of the City of New York. 93.91.405. Accessed November 21, 2016. http://collections.mcny.org/Collection/Childrens%20School%20Farm-2F3XC5U0N4P6.html</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="199">
                <text>Childrens School Farm</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="200">
                <text>School gardens</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="201">
                <text>New York (N.Y.)--History</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="202">
                <text>Community gardens</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="203">
                <text>Photograph of sign reading "Childrens School Farm - Exhbited by The International Children's School Farm League of New York City."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="204">
                <text>Bracklow, Robert L. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="206">
                <text>ca. 1870-1910</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="207">
                <text>Angela Zhinin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="208">
                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="525">
                <text>From the Collections of the Museum of the City of New York</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="526">
                <text>Fair Use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="44">
        <name>childrens school farm</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="40">
        <name>dewitt clinton park</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="45">
        <name>international children's school farm league</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="17">
        <name>new york city</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="43">
        <name>school farm</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="35">
        <name>school garden</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="24" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="29">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/e70d9efdf2430f14a6e22915e5b08718.png</src>
        <authentication>4443f57a2535e2cb456d90bfd4b9bfb1</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="178">
                  <text>Angela Garra Zhinin and Shira Feldman</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="179">
                  <text>20th &amp; 21st Centuries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1108">
                  <text>Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1109">
                  <text>New York City</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1112">
                  <text>2016.12.19</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1113">
                  <text>CC BY, except for items where use has been granted by the copyright holder.  Please contact copyright holder for collection items still under copyright. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1114">
                  <text>Both the literal and physical “place” of community gardens in New York City have a long and varied history.  This archive is a collection of items that complement the digital exhibit, “Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens” and seeks to explore four distinct areas of the city’s community garden history.  These topics include the Progressive era’s School Garden Movement, World War II era Victory Gardens, community garden activism in the 1970s, and community gardens under the Rudy Guiliani and Mike Bloomberg administrations.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="21">
      <name>Photograph</name>
      <description>Any image, either digital or analog, taken with a camera and reproduced. </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="458">
              <text>665 × 443 px</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="459">
              <text>Park Association President Whitney North Seymour Jr., circa 1965, Explaining the Concept of Using Vacant Lots to Create 'vest-pocket Parks.' 1965. Catryna Ten Eyck Semour, New York City. Good Things in Small Spaces. Web. &lt;http://www.wsj.com/articles/good-things-in-small-spaces-1438164000&gt;.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="307">
                <text>Park Association President Whitney North Seymour Jr.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="308">
                <text>Vest Pocket Parks</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="309">
                <text>Park Association President Whitney North Seymour Jr., circa 1965, explaining the concept of using vacant lots to create 'vest-pocket parks.'</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="310">
                <text>Catryna Ten Eyck Seymour</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="311">
                <text>The Wall Street Journal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="313">
                <text>1960s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="314">
                <text>Shira Feldman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="315">
                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="1060">
                <text>Fair Use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="111">
        <name>vest-pocket park</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="22" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="27">
        <src>https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/c9d6095d1a64f7f86332bd90d9aebe9a.jpg</src>
        <authentication>1ce20244fbdb860a28b320bc2c48e7bf</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="3">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="39">
                  <text>Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="178">
                  <text>Angela Garra Zhinin and Shira Feldman</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="38">
              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="179">
                  <text>20th &amp; 21st Centuries</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1108">
                  <text>Community Gardens</text>
                </elementText>
                <elementText elementTextId="1109">
                  <text>New York City</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1112">
                  <text>2016.12.19</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1113">
                  <text>CC BY, except for items where use has been granted by the copyright holder.  Please contact copyright holder for collection items still under copyright. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="1114">
                  <text>Both the literal and physical “place” of community gardens in New York City have a long and varied history.  This archive is a collection of items that complement the digital exhibit, “Soil, Seeds &amp; Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens” and seeks to explore four distinct areas of the city’s community garden history.  These topics include the Progressive era’s School Garden Movement, World War II era Victory Gardens, community garden activism in the 1970s, and community gardens under the Rudy Guiliani and Mike Bloomberg administrations.  </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="21">
      <name>Photograph</name>
      <description>Any image, either digital or analog, taken with a camera and reproduced. </description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="10">
          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="295">
              <text>550 × 256 px</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Citation</name>
          <description>Chicago</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="296">
              <text>McPartlin, Daniel. Children at Play in a Vest Pocket Park Located at 182 Mulberry Street. 1968. Parks Photo Archive, New York City. Web.&#13;
</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="283">
                <text>Children at play in vest pocket park, 1968</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="284">
                <text>Vest Pocket Park</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="285">
                <text>Children at play in a vest pocket park located at 182 Mulberry Street, July 13, 1968</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="286">
                <text>Daniel McPartlin</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="287">
                <text>New York City Department of Parks &amp; Recreation Photo Archive, Neg. 33279</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="289">
                <text>07-13-1968</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="290">
                <text>Shira Feldman</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="291">
                <text>Fair Use</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="292">
                <text>jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="294">
                <text>1960s</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
