1 10 72 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/7634054ff3b9ffc676d79717d61aeb14.jpg f2fb7f848507f75315aed35ce1a99fc1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Creating the Capital of Capital: New York City's Forgotten Dutch Beginnings Description An account of the resource As the “capital of capital,” New York City’s identity is strongly tied to its position as a center for world trade. This collection and corresponding online exhibition demonstrates the relevance of the city’s little understood and often overlooked predecessor, New Netherland, by exploring the direct and lasting impact of this striving Dutch settlement on the development of New York City as a global economic powerhouse. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tracy McFarlan and Kaitlyn Tanis Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY - You can distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon this collection, even commercially, as long as you give appropriate credit. For more information, click <a title="here" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">here</a>. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New Netherland (1609 -1664) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tracy McFarlan and Kaitlyn Tanis Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Photograph Citation Chicago Tracy McFarlan. Flagpole Commemorating Settlement of New Amsterdam. Photograph. December 12, 2016. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photograph of Flagpole Commemorating Purchase of New Netherland Subject The topic of the resource New York (N.Y.)--Buildings, structures, etc Description An account of the resource This flagpole commemorates the 300th anniversary of the settlement of New Amsterdam. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tracy McFarlan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tracy McFarlan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-12-12 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tracy McFarlan and Kaitlyn Tanis Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant New York City (2016) 2016 commemoration money new york new york city nyc present day trade transaction https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/483907d2a3a2c55690e3d6cb5140e626.jpg 06940e9174a2d879f67443a60b12c625 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Soil, Seeds & Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Angela Garra Zhinin and Shira Feldman Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 20th & 21st Centuries Subject The topic of the resource Community Gardens New York City Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016.12.19 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY, except for items where use has been granted by the copyright holder. Please contact copyright holder for collection items still under copyright. Description An account of the resource Both the literal and physical “place” of community gardens in New York City have a long and varied history. This archive is a collection of items that complement the digital exhibit, “Soil, Seeds & Public Space: A Hundred Years of New York City Community Gardens” and seeks to explore four distinct areas of the city’s community garden history. These topics include the Progressive era’s School Garden Movement, World War II era Victory Gardens, community garden activism in the 1970s, and community gardens under the Rudy Guiliani and Mike Bloomberg administrations. Photograph Any image, either digital or analog, taken with a camera and reproduced. Citation Chicago Reyes, Joseph. Mayor Bloomberg and Attorney General Spitzer Announce Agreement to Preserve Gardens, 2002. 2002. New York City. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mayor Bloomberg and Attorney General Spitzer Announce Agreement to Preserve Gardens, 2002 Description An account of the resource Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Attorney General Eliot Spitzer announce agreement to enable construction of affordable housing and preservation of GreenThumb Gardens. September 17, 2002 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joseph Reyes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived NYC Office of the Mayor Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09-17-2002 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Shira Feldman Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain agreement bloomberg community garden legal battles new york city spitzer https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/7779f430fcb00aba49619558b314dd04.png ab52094ae54cf76ace0d549bc988fb5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Periodical Newspaper Article Citation Chicago "General Grant's Order Expelling the Jews from Paducah, Ky. General Order - No. 11." Print. New York Herald. January 5, 1863, News article. (Accessed from NewsBank December 11, 2016). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Grant's Order Expelling the Jews from Paducah, Ky. General Order - No. 11 Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 United States--Military policy--Civil War, 1861-1865 Cotton United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Jews Description An account of the resource Article about Ulysses S. Grant's Order expelling Jews from the Department of Tennessee, Grant's military district. In the order, Grant accused Jews of "violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department," including the trade of cotton. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ulysses S. Grant Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived America's Historical Newspapers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-01-05 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource This entire product and/or portions thereof are copyrighted by NewsBank and/or the American Antiquarian Society. 2004. Reproduced here under Fair Use. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource English anti-semitism civil war confederacy cotton jews ulysses s. grant https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/a32ad4f8230c3d1f2877f4602c9bede7.jpg b1ea542b4d5eb7cc4d0f8285dc3e593d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Text Any textual data included in the document From Elihu B. Washburne to Abraham Lincoln, Mr. Lincoln: I see a report that you have revoked Grants' order touching the Jews.--I hope not. I consider it the wisest order yet made by a Military Command, and from my own personal observation, I believe it was necessary. As the friend of that distinguished Soldier, Genl. Grant, I want to be heard before the final order of revocation goes out, if it be contemplated to issue such an order. There are two sides to his question. Truly &c. E B Washburne Citation Chicago Washburne, Elihu. Elihu B. Washburne to Abraham Lincoln, January 1864 (Sends clipping). Letter. From Library of Congress, "The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, General Correspondence. 1833-1916" http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/210/2102600/malpage.db&recNum=0 (accessed December 18, 2016). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Elihu B. Washburne to Abraham Lincoln Description An account of the resource Letter from Elihu B. Washburne to Abraham Lincoln taking issue with his decision to revoke Ulysses S. Grant's General Orders No. 11, expelling Jews from his military department. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Elihu B. Washburne Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-01-06 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Language A language of the resource English Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Jews Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain abraham lincoln civil war cotton permits elihu washburne jews ulysses s. grant https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/567a312acbc95b33278bba76d29f5afe.pdf 18c3150d62ababd74a9d34b85c1657bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Text Any textual data included in the document Excerpt: I left Brussels yesterday afternoon for a day’s sojourn here and on arriving went to M. Thouvenel’s reception, where I spent the evening . The conversation I had there I will give you in brief. He received me with great cordiality and stopping me before I proceeded into the reception room commenced upon our affairs. After speaking of our victories, his wishes, he said, was for the success of our cause, but above all for the early termination, one way or another, of the war, which was bearing heavily upon them in France. They were nearly out of cotton, he continued and cotton they must have. Citation Chicago Sanford, William. Letter to William Seward from Henry S. Sanford, April 10, 1862. Letter. William Henry Seward Papers, 1730-1917. From Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester. Letter cited in Chapter 9 of Empire of Cotton: A Global History by Sven Beckert. New York: Vintage Books, 2015. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to William Seward from Henry S. Sanford Description An account of the resource Sanford, the Union's minister to Belgium, describes a reception he attended held by the French minister of foreign affairs, Edouard Thouvenel, in Paris. Thouvenel stopped Sanford to tell him that he hoped the war would end soon to reopen the free flow of cotton from the U.S. to France. “We are nearly out of cotton, and cotton we must have," Thouvenel said, according to Sanford. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Henry S. Sanford Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Foreign public opinion United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects Cotton Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1862-04-10 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Department of Rare Books, Special Collections, and Preservation, River Campus Libraries, University of Rochester. civil war cotton edouard thouvenel france henry sanford wiliam seward https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/493ea54fc9783691108e9b2663ad73fa.jpg d279c413aedeefb0d34ada3a7173d110 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/853e362799561c6c1f6c6705528eb499.gif 68e1e24f8866666c7e691a56a661e9ab https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/ca1ff95a36165ef95b80d21fb49e2236.gif cbe19e25eef36d7615f50e21c22710b0 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/a97379073ee919d091b30cf4272ac5f5.gif 29dfaad63f38d74ef599f1e60a513b76 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/cfe1b05b89e85e080c789d59f3481f1d.gif 014d9802bd26f303c2f05cee113af155 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/6caaf119a1e25638ac909078056d80eb.gif 80a105e3c94405cbbd8faafe964ee8e1 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/39576a55a5ea57743a84ebea25e6e8dc.gif 8a2c56c13bb6b3373fcf18b5631202bd https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/5816dad6fb706cc769b89cdb064cbc3c.gif 463a57403b0def8059fa7536b1c08292 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/27892a44ecc09b6884d71c447eff361d.gif 162d18b552deefc7c2a51b5bfd135765 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/3803601645f015aff96ce9fda151fcb6.gif 6911c62a23f0a921de3b9ac1c17eedc1 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/5da1d669a4cac09a03be52d6f21875d0.gif 5028f20f44efb94d5a245473345c1d39 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/4b7e6bed85e7d86feadf577965f9262c.gif 36b531f1ad57485a118f61261aef272c https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/dc71a0c27f5ada1080426cb1950f820d.gif 6dabd72c79e2bd0e1787044d68772208 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/69c9b3f4cc102f8216faaf935d8dbb6e.gif 98a983e67fa02a5f4a1acdc0e01a8a78 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Citation Chicago Peniston, Fergus. Fergus Penniston, Saturday, April 16, 1864 (Affidavit concerning cotton at New Orleans; certified by Michael Hahn). Manuscript. Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/324/3244800/malpage.db&recNum=0. Accessed December 17, 2016. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fergus Penniston, Saturday, April 16, 1864 (Affidavit concerning cotton at New Orleans; certified by Michael Hahn) Description An account of the resource This affidavit, written by Alphonse Boudousquie and certified by Governor Michael Hahn, affirmed that Fergus Peniston and William Pike owned substantial quantities of cotton and were loyal citizens of the United States during the war. Affidavits like these were sometimes required to obtain cotton permits. Peniston was granted a formal permit in January 1865. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adolphe Boudousquie and Michael Hahn Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864-04-16 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource gif Language A language of the resource English Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects Cotton Louisiana--History--Civil War, 1861-1865 civil war confederacy cotton cotton permits fergus peniston https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/248f7eee368081c2eeca87c857533110.gif 7555d1598085a699e6e518def906b52e https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/3af8296d1bcde828f85ab4bdc88bb71a.jpg 8c7d7249fde072846ac7258baf1717a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Text Any textual data included in the document February 3. 05 My dear Sir Mr Penniston of N.O. will call with an order in my hand writing signed by the President in relation to cotton. I have a copy but cannot find it. Will you do me the favor to have a copy made and send me Yours [illegible] HA Risley Mr. Nicolay Citation Chicago Risley, Hanson A. Hanson A. Risley to John G. Nicolay, Friday, February 03, 1865 (Permit for Fergus Peniston). Letter. Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal2/432/4323900/malpage.db&recNum=0. Accessed December 17, 2016. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanson A. Risley to John G. Nicolay, Friday, February 03, 1865 (Permit for Fergus Peniston) Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects Cotton Description An account of the resource Treasury agent Hanson Risley wrote to Lincoln's private secretary John G. Nicolay requesting a copy of Fergus Peniston's cotton permit. Risley was a key figure in the wartime cotton trade and was later called to testify before Congress regarding corruption in the permit system. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanson A. Risley Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-02-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource gif/jpeg Language A language of the resource English abraham lincoln civil war cotton cotton permits fergus peniston https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/6aea65729eda25ab251771a64c672993.jpg 184d75bb6c7099fcde926b7da17df7c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Text Any textual data included in the document My Dear Sir I have confered with Mr Peniston in relation to the action you have so kindly taken in his case, and the Permit you have given him to obtain the cotton contracted for-- The permit meets that case fully, but does not meet the case of the cotton owned and paid for-- If you will allow him to explain the matter to you, I am sure you will see it is as I state-- May I not ask that you will see him, and also that you will give your permit to him to get the cotton he has paid for-- I will regard it as a favor to me Yours faithfully H Hamlin. Citation Chicago Hamlin, Hannibal. Hannibal Hamlin to Abraham Lincoln, Tuesday, January 03, 1865 (Cotton permit for Fergus Peniston). Letter. Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/397/3978800/malpage.db&recNum=0. Accessed December 17, 2016. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hannibal Hamlin to Abraham Lincoln, Tuesday, January 03, 1865 (Cotton permit for Fergus Peniston) Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects Cotton United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Confiscations and contributions Description An account of the resource Vice President Hannibal Hamlin wrote to President Lincoln requesting that he expand the terms of the cotton permit for Fergus Peniston. The support of influential politicians and administration insiders was helpful for merchants seeking permission to buy and sell cotton. Peniston was given a permit the next day. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hannibal Hamlin Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1865-01-03 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Language A language of the resource English abraham lincoln civil war confederacy cotton cotton permits fergus peniston https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/47b9e3af302e32d445ad16db50a79e41.jpg 95ff04655c140d802e1646c0c6fa9cce https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/503c979bfc3955d7b30e6a412686cc4a.jpg 7b1899f840de52c085cccf427091fa3e https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/3eb9540667a8b7fc9cc82c9c6fe7ca6a.jpg 1555c3d9085c35c4e3a226373b9d37f3 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/eac2744aef3f2f2474626d7f74b4a103.gif b57a6637f9d52a6de91d7ffd77d61320 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Text Any textual data included in the document Mr President, I beg leave respectfully to represent that I am the owner of a large amount of cotton located in Western Louisiana & Southern Mississippi acquired long since in payment of debts & by purchase, as I can show by the proper documents, and as a citizen of the United States loyal to the Govt, I ask, that I be allowed the privilege of bringing my property under my control and disposing of it in such manner as shall be most advantageous to me, after payment of the Internal Rev and other taxes fixed by law. I respectfully request that I be exempted from the 25% tax, inasmuch as this cotton was and has been my property long before the passage of the act that imposed that tax and circumstances beyond my Control have until this time prevented me from bringing it to market. This cotton is the produce of very many plantations & in order to prevent my meeting with opposition from the people and to secure their friendly co-operation, I ask that I be allowed to take outside the lines of military occupation, plantation supplies to the extent of 33% of the value of the Cotton brought in by me. The tide of trade; now flows from Western La, through to Texas, into Mexico and immense amount of supplies of every description and munitions of war are obtained in exchange of Cotton. Allow me Mr President to ask, if it would not be good policy to induce that cotton to go to New Orleans? Should you Mr President, see fit to grant my request, I respectfully suggest, that I be provided by you, with a document stating your intentions and granting me permission to proceed with one or more small steamboats & barges, beyond the lines of Military Occupation, with the above stated amount of plantation supplies, up Red River and its tributaries, up Pearl River and Pascagoula River, land at or near Mouths of Pearl & Pascagoula Rivers and on the banks of the Missi between Port Hudson & Natchez and continue said voyages until the stated amount of Cotton shall have been brought to New Orleans, and without interference from any Military, Naval or civil officer of the U S. Govt. I leave the matter in your Excellency's hands, satisfied that your wisdom and practical sagacity will find means to enable a citizen of the United States to get possession of his property liable every day to destruction or seizure for the purpose of sending it to Mexico. I am Mr President Very respectfully Your obedt Servt Fergus Peniston Washington Dec 28th 1864 Citation Chicago Peniston, Fergus. Fergus Peniston to Abraham Lincoln, Wednesday, December 28, 1864 (Requests tax exemption). Letter. Library of Congress. http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mal&fileName=mal1/396/3960800/malpage.db&recNum=0. Accessed December 17, 2016. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fergus Peniston to Abraham Lincoln, Wednesday, December 28, 1864 (Requests tax exemption) Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects Cotton Description An account of the resource In this second petition to President Lincoln, Louisiana cotton merchant Fergus Peniston reiterated his request for an exemption from a particular tax on his cotton that was passed after he acquired the cotton and freedom to trade outside Union-occupied territory. He emphasized the urgency of his cause by explaining the cotton is "liable every day to destruction or seizure for the purpose of sending it to Mexico." Peniston was granted a permit in January 1865. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fergus Peniston Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress, Rare Book and Special Collections Division Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1864-12-28 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg/gif Language A language of the resource English abraham lincoln civil war confederacy cotton cotton permits fergus peniston https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/71d6d6ec949adb4116e1f6642a61420d.jpg 4707d4272bf3dfe15b1e13caf8a9c40a https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/5c02fa46d4f9fd06c73ec0a3109f6ef6.jpg 551b4c24e1d5378cc200bb790e21546f https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/b44e6bb5b4440977d8ce97e2ea8592d0.jpg d41fd6505efcc2a956eea08f24efd140 https://aphnyu.org/creatingdigitalhistory/fall2016/files/original/3bfe272f446fb4248ac02ce06c3e8271.jpg 4558bbc7527529515b099f58746766cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Trading with the Enemy: Cotton Permits, Smuggling, and Speculation in the Civil War Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Alison Burke and Phyllis Plitch Description An account of the resource Throughout the Civil War, President Lincoln and his administration were vexed by the issue of cotton. An essential raw material for industrial enterprise, cotton (and its sudden scarcity) threatened the Union war effort. The letters, newspaper articles, and government records in this collection reveal an administration grappling with the simultaneous need to starve the Confederacy of resources and increase the available supply of cotton. The ultimate solution, a "cotton permit" system, was vulnerable to cronyism and abuse, leading Congress to declare that "it is believed to have led to the prolongation of the war, and to have cost the country thousands of lives and millions upon million in treasure." Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY Manuscript Written document. Text Any textual data included in the document By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Whereas, in pursuance of the act of Congress approved July 13, 1861, I did, by proclamation dated August 16, 1861, declare that the inhabitants of the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida (except the inhabitants of that part of Virginia lying west of the Alleghany Mountains and of such other parts of that State and the other States hereinbefore named as might maintain a legal adhesion to the Union and the Constitution or might be from time to time occupied and controlled by forces of the United States engaged in the dispersion of said insurgents) were in a state of insurrection against the United States, and that all commercial intercourse between the same and the inhabitants thereof, with the exceptions aforesaid, and the citizens of other States and other parts of the United States was unlawful and would remain unlawful until such insurrection should cease or be suppressed, and that all goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, into other parts of the United States without the license and permission of the President, through the Secretary of the Treasury, or proceeding to any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, by land or water, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same to or from said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, would be forfeited to the United States; and Whereas experience has shown that the exceptions made in and by said proclamation embarrass the due enforcement of said act of July 13, 1861, and the proper regulation of the commercial intercourse authorized by said act with the loyal citizens of said States: Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby revoke the said exceptions, and declare that the inhabitants of the States of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi, Florida, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties of Virginia designated as West Virginia, and except also the ports of New Orleans, Key West, Port Royal, and Beaufort, in North Carolina) are in a state of insurrection against the United States, and that all commercial intercourse not licensed and conducted as provided in said act between the said States and the inhabitants thereof, with the exceptions aforesaid, and the citizens of other States and other parts of the United States is unlawful and will remain unlawful until such insurrection shall cease or has been suppressed and notice thereof has been duly given by proclamation; and all cotton, tobacco, and other products, and all other goods and chattels, wares and merchandise, coming from any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, into other parts of the United States, or proceeding to any of said States, with the exceptions aforesaid, without the license and permission of the President, through the Secretary of the Treasury, will, together with the vessel or vehicle conveying the same, be forfeited to the United States. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this 2d day of April, A. D. 1863, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President: WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. Citation Chicago "Presidential proclamation suspending commercial intercourse with certain States in rebellion, April 2, 1863." Presidential Proclamation 98.” Presidential Proclamations, 1789-1936. National Archives Microfilm Publication T1223, Roll 1, General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11: National Archives Building, Washington, DC. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Proclamation 98 - Presidential proclamation suspending commercial intercourse with certain States in rebellion Description An account of the resource Just three months after he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln issued a proclamation to reform the cotton trading system laid out in 1861. As trade grew in the Mississippi Valley in 1862 and 1863, the permit system was plagued by enforcement issues. Based on advice solicited from political and military sources, President Lincoln revoked the previous order and strictly prohibited commercial trade with the states in rebellion "without the license and permission of the President, through the Secretary of the Treasury." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Abraham Lincoln Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863-04-02 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource AB, PP Language A language of the resource English Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Subject The topic of the resource United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Economic aspects United States--Politics and government--1861-1865 abraham lincoln civil war confederacy cotton permits presidential proclamations treasury department